Broccoli Clock

Hello, and welcome to the forums.. 🙂
Chalk and marble will also do for lime, as well as sea shells, as they all crush down to the same powder. Which gives you a little more wiggle room in terms of what you need. If it's specifically for limewater (for leather treating) then borax will also do (in fact, it's preferred as it's much more efficient in terms of mixing ratio).
Aside from RNG pockets of limestone, you do tend to find them near sedimentary rock - like you would in the real world - but it's just a case of searching until you find some, it's not a resource that will be prospected using the pick.
Here is another thread posted on the matter just a few months back..
You can also find lime and chalk at Traders, I think it is the commodities trader that you should be on the look out for.
There are entire biome chunks of limestone btw, it doesn't necessarily need to be in small patches. You can turn on the coloured map at world gen, or use a command line (press [tab] to bring up chat, enter it there). I can't think of it off the top of my head, but I'll go searching and add it to this post.
Edit: I'm an idiot you are using the multicoloured map in your attachment, sorry..!

Hello and welcome to the forum.. 
I believe the answer is yes, as the dirt blocks just need to be in a location that has allows light in through the roof, but don't actually need light to directly hit them. So long as your greenhouse is one (ie: it shows the +5'c buff) then you should be able to layer stuff up. The problem you may run into though is that water blocks only calculate horizontally, so if you make a water layer then dirt on the next block up, that water won't count as a source for those blocks, the water source needs to be horizontally adjacent.

I hope I'm reading your comment right but borax is borax in the game, the block will show borax in the tool tip at the top at the top of the screen.
It can appear on the surface which suggests a vein directly below that area (perhaps 5 or 6 blocks deep) much like the surface deposits of copper.
It can also be found deep in the ground too. A prospecting pick will show it if it's present, amongst the items it lists.
Here is the wiki entry: https://wiki.vintagestory.at/Borax
And this is what it looks like in vanilla geology: https://wiki.vintagestory.at/Borax#/media/File:Borax-in-rocks.png
 
Not sure if you use mods or not, but I find JuicyOres an absolute god send, it really makes those ores "pop out" against standard rocks: https://mods.vintagestory.at/juicyores
 

If there is one rule in VS it's this, if you are looking for something, and you've spent perhaps hours and travelled 100s of blocks searching, what you seek will literally be in your back yard. Clay is normally the one that follows this rule, you need it early game and if you are new to the game you might not know where it spawns or what it looks like. You'll likely spend ages hunting it down, and now festooned with stacks of clay you make your way home, only to literally walk over a huge clay deposit 25 blocks from your base. It's always this way.
As a newbie, could I really recommend the handbook, not only is it a mine of useful information, and the antidote to those who have brought "the other block game" meta to this one, but it actually shows images of what the crops look like in their different stages. So, for example, carrots..

Just for reference, you won't get a guaranteed seed from any crop unless fully grown, although the % of getting one that isn't fully grown is still pretty high. I've gotten seeds from crops at stage 2/7, and none from those at 6/7. There is a similar % for getting the actual crop, although it's much lower and you tend to only get crops from plants almost fully grown. You always get crops from fully grown plants.

That black line is present in everything, it's just the block boundary. You can alter its thickness (insert obvious joke here) as well as it's colour (in regard to smithing).
You can find the config in the [Accessibility] tab of the [Settings]. I don't think you can turn it off completely, you may be able to but I feel it may be a console command, as there is no option to disable it completely in the [Settings].  I feel if it was possible it would be available in the [Interface] section, where things like block information and overlay options are.

Do you mean it has a current? Hard to tell from a still image.
If so, your answer is a Bucket. (wooden boards and twine).

VS is slightly odd with it's water blocks in that placing them counts as a permanent water source (unlike the "other block game"). If there is a "flow" in a square, then facing it with a full bucket of water and pressing [ctrl] and [right click] it should place a full water block in that location and remove the "flow". Repeat as necessary.