Now, I'm pretty new to Vintage Story, and It's been apparent that there is at least some lore to this game, judging from the buried homes, ruins, traders, and all that.
So, I've figured that perhaps writing all my thoughts so far from what I have seen in game and from some of the spoilers that I have not managed to avoid here would be a good idea, for... Reasons I guess.
Okay, first of all, who or what is the player character? Well, judging from the unnatural eye and skin colours, we know that's it's not exactly human. Perhaps we could be part of the ones who created the ruins? A different species? I mean, the rusty gears, according to the wiki, can be obtained from cracked vessels in ruins, and the traders when questioned about them, mention that maybe they could have not been made by human hands.
Though, the traders don't seem to be surprised or question our existence when talking to them, so I'm not so sure. Maybe I'm just digging too deep into this.
What about the drifters, bowtorns, ect.? Here, the trader once again contributes by saying that the drifters were souls who challenged god and were cast down into the earth in their drifter form. As to how they challenged god, why, and when? Well, I dunno.
As to how the player appeared in "modern times", I have no idea. Perhaps it had to do with temporal gears, or something temporal like that? It's clear that the player character must've had a past, and that there was some civilization wide-collapse judging by the ruins. And, since the player character can respawn, there may be some temporal shenanigans involved. Maybe the drifters were even seraphs (or whatever the character species is called) before they "challenged god" or something.
I think that's all I can really make out from the early-game lore. Thanks for reading!