I don't know if this helps or not but I have a little more info regarding the same crash:
A day or two after Bullseye 2.3 released, I updated my server from 2.2. After rebooting the server, I experienced this crash several times. I did some snooping and deleted the old version locally from my ModsByServer folder, and restarted my server instance a couple times. Eventually, something triggered and the crash stopped until today.
A couple friends also play on this server, but none had used a bow or spear (it happens with either, and likely the sling too but I haven't tested), until today when someone tried to see if they could be held by an armor stand. Immediate client crash and boot from server. I had him follow what I did, no dice. Then I tried, and I also crashed. So it went away for a bit and then came back. The error message given is more or less the same. Here's what's produced server-side each time:
Hope this helps.