1. I think the best thing to help keep you safe during exploration is experience, coming from someone who died regularly when I first started playing. One habit I've adopted is sprint jumping whenever I'm in an area of heavy underbrush as it tends to be full of wolves and bears, the extra height helps me see the danger and avoid an encounter. You also learn to keep an eye out for easy escape routes should you get ambushed, I know what type of terrain I can use to outrun bears and usually know where the closest body of deep water is. Keeping a couple spears on you early game can also help as dealing a bit of damage may cause the bear to retreat briefly before reengaging, giving you time to escape. Takes time, I also always do a quick scan before opening my map to place a pin or stopping to knap a tool, worst time to get ambushed is when you have a tab open on your screen.
2. Assuming you have a light source, bed, source of food. Just burrow into a hillside, place a bed, start a fire and you're good to go. Temporal storms are always a pain early game, I tend to stay near home as the risk of death is fairly high.
3. If you're new a dying a lot I'd recommend either turning on Keep Inventory or setting item despawn to a longer period like 60 min, it's really annoying to run all the way back to your stuff just to see the bear that killed you camping your gear. Gives you a bit more flexibility in regaining your items.